Differences between Procedural and Object Oriented Programming
Introduction
The term "programming language" refers to any language that is used to do calculations on a computer and is written to create some kind of output when the computations are completed.
When writing programming jobs in different languages, there is a correct manner, format, or structure to follow. Programming paradigms are a means of creating programmes in the correct manner. Programming design philosophy is another name for paradigms. There are many programming paradigms in which we might write our programmes. There are three primary programming paradigms:
- Model of Object-Oriented Programming
- Model of Procedural-Oriented Programming
- Model of Functional Programming
The paradigms or models of procedural and object-oriented programming will be discussed in this article.
What Is Procedural Programming and How Does It Work?
Procedural Programming is a form of programming paradigm or programming model based on Structured Programming that is built on the notion of a Procedure call.
Functions, routines, and sub-routines are all terms used to describe procedures. Procedures usually consist of a series of computational stages that must be completed. This set of instructions contains programming logic, or algorithms.
In a procedural programming approach, the major goal while developing code is to divide down a job into a collection of variables, data structures, and sub-routines. All functions are handled as individual programmes in procedural programming.
The Procedural Programming Era began in the late twentieth century, when programming languages were only beginning to appear on the market. The popularity of procedural programming has declined with the emergence of the Object-Oriented programming approach.
C, COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, and other procedural programming languages are popular.
What Is Object-Oriented Programming and How Does It Work?
Object-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm or model that is based on the notion of an object, which holds data and code. Object is the most important component of Object-Oriented programming languages. The idea of objects and classes underpins the whole programming paradigm. Currently, OOP is the most prevalent programming model.
What is the definition of an object?
Classes have instances, which are objects.
What is the definition of a class?
The class is the object's definition or blueprint. Data members and member functions are found in classes.
Let's look at a real-life example of an object and a class.
Objects are items that can be discovered in the actual world. Items, shopping carts, invoices, and other real-world elements would be used in the development of an online retail system. Object definitions will be stored in classes. For example, if we use an item's object, the object's class will include variables like item name, item price, item code, item size, and methods like purchase item, add to cart, discount, and so on. When we create an object of this class, the blueprint is used to generate the actual instance.
In an Object-Oriented programming approach, the major goal while developing code is to break down a job into objects that expose activity (methods) and data (members or attributes).
Java, Python, C++, Scala, JavaScript, Dart, Kotlin, C#, MATLAB, and other Object-Oriented Programming Languages are examples.
Comparison Table Between Object-Oriented Programming and Procedural Programming
| Procedural Programming |
Object-Oriented Programming |
- Procedural Programming is a form of programming paradigm or programming model based on Structured Programming that is built on the notion of a Procedure call.
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- Object-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm or model that is based on the notion of an object, which holds data and code.
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- POP stands for Procedural Oriented Programming Model.
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- OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming Model.
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- The Top-Down method is used by POP.
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- The Bottom-Up method is followed by OOP.
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- Access modifiers are not supported in POP languages.
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- Different types of access modifiers are supported by OOP languages. Java, for example, has access modifiers such as public, private, and protected.
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- POP is less secure due to the lack of any form of access mechanism.
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- Because access modifiers are available, classes may include private variables and methods, making OOP more safe.
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- Procedures are the central notion of POP. Procedures are a set of steps that must be followed in order to complete a task. In most cases, data is saved in the form of variables in the form of Methods.
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- Objects and classes are the core concepts of OOP. In most cases, data is kept in the form of attributes and objects.
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- The significance of both techniques is a significant difference. The relevance of functions above data is emphasised in POP. The order in which things must be done is given a lot of weight.
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- The data, the manner it is stored, and how securely it is accessed are all important in OOP. Data security and accessibility are critical aspects of OOP.
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- POP is not oriented toward real-world applications since it is impossible to link POP principles to real-world instances
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- The OOP methodology was developed by studying real-world instances. As a result, OOP principles may be readily comprehended by comparing them to real-world examples.
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To summarise...
This article began with a description of a programming language and progressed to a discussion of the differences between procedural and object-oriented programming. The aim is the main distinction between them. Procedures and methods are found in procedural programmes, while classes, objects, member variables, and member functions are found in object-oriented programmes. Finally, the conclusion is reached that the OOP method is superior than the POP approach.
