Python Logging Classes and Functions

In our previous tutorials, we have already seen how we can use and configure the default logger named root, which is mainly used by the logging module whenever we call its functions directly like this: logging.info().

You can also define your own logger by creating an object of the Logger class, especially in the case if your application has multiple modules.

Let us look at some of the classes and functions in the logging module.

The most commonly used classes which are already defined in the logging module are given below:

1. Logger class

The Logger is the class whose objects will be used in the application code directly to call the functions.

2. LogRecord

The Logger class automatically create LogRecord objects which contain the information related to the event being logged, or in simple words the log message. It contains information like the name of the logger, the function, the line number, the message, the process id, etc.

3. Handler

The Handlers are mainly used to send the LogRecord to the required output destination, it can be console or a file

The class Handler is the base for subclasses like StreamHandler, FileHandler, SMTPHandler, HTTPHandler, and more. These subclasses also send the logging outputs to corresponding destinations, like sys.stdout or a disk file.

4. Formatter

The Formatter is a class where you specify the format of the output by specifying a string format that mainly lists out the attributes the output should contain.

Several Logger objects

In Logging Module items with all caps are constant, the capitalize items indicate classes, and the items which start with lowercase letters are methods. Below we have a table consisting of several logger objects offered by the Logging module: