Operators in Python

In every programming language, operators are used for performing various types of operations on any given operand(s). They are used to evaluate different types of expressions and to manipulate the values of operands or variables by performing different operations on them.

In python, we have 7 different types of operators, they are:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison Operators
3. Assignment Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Bitwise Operators
6. Membership Operators
7. Identity Operators

While the first five are commonly used operators the last two i.e Membership and Identity operators are exclusive to python.

Python: Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are the operators used for performing arithmetic operations on numeric operands like division, subtraction, addition etc.

Following are different arithmetic operators:

Let's have a few code examples:

>>>3+2
5
>>>4-3
1
>>>3/2
1.5

Python: Comparison Operators

These operators are used to compare the values of operands on either side of this type of operators. These operators return true or false Boolean values. They return true if the condition is satisfied otherwise the return false.

Following are different comparison operators:

Let's have a few code examples:

>>> 3 == 2
False
>>> 3 != 2
True
>>> 2<=4
True

Python: Assignment Operators

The assignment operator is used to assign a specific value to a variable or an operand.

The equal to (=) operator is used to assign a value to an operand directly, if we use any arithmetic operator (+, -, /, etc.) along with the equal to operator then it will perform the arithmetic operation on the given variable and then assign the resulting value to that variable itself.

Let's have a few code examples:

>>> x=2
>>> x
2
>>> x+=1
>>> x
3
>>> x-=1
>>> x
2 

Python: Logical Operators

The logical operators are used to perform logical operations (like and, or, not) and to combine two or more conditions to provide a specific result i.e. true or false.

Following are different logical operators:

Python: Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operator acts on the operands bit by bit. These operators take one or two operands. Some of the the bitwise operators appear to be similar to logical operators but they aren't.

Following are different bitwise operators:

Let's have a few code examples:

>>> a = 3
>>> b = 4
>>> a = 3   # equivalent binary is 0011
>>> b = 4   # equivalent binary is 0100
>>> a & b
0
>>> a | b
7
>>> # 7 is equivalent to 0111 in binary

Python: Membership Operators

The membership operators are used to test whether a value is in a specific sequence or not like in lists, tuples, string, etc. It returns True or False as output.

Following are different membership operators:

Let's have a few code examples:

>>> lst=[2,3,6,7,9,1]
>>> x=2
>>> y=5
>>> x in lst
True
>>> y in lst
False

Python: Identity Operators

The identity operators are used to test whether a variable refers to same value/object or not. It returns True or False as output.

Following are different identity operators:

Let's have a few code examples:

>>> x=4
>>> y=4
>>> z=2
>>> x is y
True
>>> z is x
False