Another loop-based solution that exits quickly when the number is low (in C++ for multiple types)

***template
T reverse_bits(T in) {
T bit = static_cast(1) << (sizeof(T) * 8 - 1);
T out;

for (out = 0; bit && in; bit >>= 1, in >>= 1) {
if (in & 1) {
out |= bit;
}
}
return out;
}***
or in C for an unsigned int

***unsigned int reverse_bits(unsigned int in) {
unsigned int bit = 1u << (sizeof(T) * 8 - 1);
unsigned int out;

for (out = 0; bit && in; bit >>= 1, in >>= 1) {
if (in & 1)
out |= bit;
}
return out;
}***

The basename command has two different invocations; in one, you specify just the path, in which case it gives you the last component, while in the other you also give a suffix that it will remove. So, you can simplify your example code by using the second invocation of basename. Also, be careful to correctly quote things:
***fbname=$(basename "$1" .txt)
echo "$fbname"***

You can use Vim programmatically with the option **-c {command}**:

DOS to Unix:
***vim file.txt -c "set ff=unix" -c ":wq"***
Unix to DOS:
***vim file.txt -c "set ff=dos" -c ":wq"***
"set ff=unix/dos" means change fileformat (ff) of the file to Unix/DOS end of line format.

":wq" means write the file to disk and quit the editor (allowing to use the command in a loop).

I believe you need to add the current directory to the Java classpath

***java -cp .:./apache-log4j-1.2.16/log4j-1.2.16.jar:./vensim.jar SpatialModel vars***

The best solution that works for me without any problems looks this way:
1. Add temporary rule with some comment:
***comment=$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid | sed 's/\-//g')
iptables -A ..... -m comment --comment "${comment}" -j REQUIRED_ACTION***
2. When the rule added and you wish to remove it (or everything with this comment), do:
***iptables-save | grep -v "${comment}" | iptables-restore***
So, you'll 100% delete all rules that match the $comment and leave other lines untouched. This solution works for last 2 months with about 100 changes of rules per day - no issues.Hope, it helps

To avoid the interactive questions by adduser, you can call it with these parameters:

***RUN adduser --disabled-password --gecos '' newuser***
The --gecos parameter is used to set the additional information. In this case it is just empty.

On systems with busybox (like Alpine), use

***RUN adduser -D -g '' newuser***
See busybox adduser

just generate a ssh key like:

***ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@youremail.com"***
copy the content of **~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub** and lastly add it to the remote machines **~/.ssh/authorized_keys**

make sure remote machine have the permissions 0700 for ~./ssh folder and 0600 for ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Here is an example using RSA.

Important: There is a limit to the size of data you can encrypt with the RSA encryption, KeySize - MinimumPadding. e.g. 256 bytes (assuming 2048 bit key) - 42 bytes (min OEAP padding) = 214 bytes (max plaintext size)

Replace your_rsa_key with your RSA key.
***
var provider = new System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.ImportParameters(your_rsa_key);

var encryptedBytes = provider.Encrypt(
System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello World!"), true);

string decryptedTest = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(
provider.Decrypt(encryptedBytes, true));***
For more info, visit MSDN - RSACryptoServiceProvider

You can also do this with linq if you'd like
***
var names = new List() { "John", "Anna", "Monica" };
var joinedNames = names.Aggregate((a, b) => a + ", " + b);***
Although I prefer the non-linq syntax in Quartermeister's answer and I think Aggregate might perform slower (probably more string concatenation operations).

If you don't need the whole Type variable and just want to check the type you can easily create a temp variable and use is operator.
***
T checkType = default(T);

if (checkType is MyClass)
{}***

Yes, that's the correct way to do it. If you're looking to give yourself a "Clean" (or, as I'd prefer to call it, "Empty" function), you can create an extension method.
***
public static void Empty(this System.IO.DirectoryInfo directory)
{
foreach(System.IO.FileInfo file in directory.GetFiles()) file.Delete();
foreach(System.IO.DirectoryInfo subDirectory in directory.GetDirectories()) subDirectory.Delete(true);
}***
This will then allow you to do something like..
***
System.IO.DirectoryInfo directory = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(@"C:\...");

directory.Empty();***

public - can be access by anyone anywhere.
private - can only be accessed from with in the class it is a part of.
protected - can only be accessed from with in the class or any object that inherits off of the class.

Nothing is like null but in VB.
Static means you have one instance of that object, method for every instance of that class.