SELECT id,
IF(type = 'P', amount, amount -1) as amount
FROM report
Additionally, you could handle when the condition is null. In the case of a null amount:
SELECT id,
IF(type = 'P', IFNULL(amount,0), IFNULL(amount,0) -1) as amount
FROM report
The part
IFNULL(amount,0)
means when amount is not null return amount else return 0.